Signs of depression and when to talk to a doctor about it

Most people experience majority of the symptoms of depression at some point in their lives, to one degree or another, and it can be hard to tell which moods and feelings are symptoms of disorders which require treatment. For this reason, many people who do have depression or other mood disorders are diagnosed many years after noticing symptoms, or are never diagnosed or treated at all.

Watch out for these symptoms and signs of depression

There are a wide range of symptoms of depression, and some of them are physical, which can make it easier for some people to figure out how and when to reach out and ask for help. Both physical and emotional symptoms may be signs of depression if they last for two weeks or longer. Physical symptoms of depression include:

• Changes in sleep, whether that’s sleeping more often than usual, or insomnia
• A loss of appetite, or increased craving for food, causing either over- or under-eating
• A loss of sex drive
• Tiredness or lack of energy
• Aches and pains or headaches with no obvious cause

The emotional effects of depression can vary widely, from a consistent level of negative feelings all the way to feeling suicidal or hopeless. Emotional symptoms of depression can include:

• Feelings of sadness, hopelessness or feeling on the edge of tears
• Anger, irritability, or frustration, especially anger or frustration that feels excessive to events
• A loss of interest or pleasure in favorite things or interests
• Slowed thoughts, speaking and movements
• Agitation, twitchiness or restlessness
• Feelings of guilt, inability to let go of past mistakes or blame
• Thoughts of death or suicide

Thoughts of suicide should be treated as a medical emergency and you should go to your local emergency room right away.

Depression can be caused and set off by different things at different times. Sometimes depression is triggered  more by life events and stressors. Other times, it’s more determined by brain chemistry, regardless of life and stressors. Often, it’s some combination of the two. In any case, when depression affects your life, reaching out to a healthcare provider  for treatment and support is one of the best ways to start to work towards recovery.

Talking to your provider

Depression is a serious condition, and not something that one snaps out of by force of will. The earlier treatment starts, the faster and more effectively one can begin to start feeling better.

Primary care providers tend to be the first line of defense against depression. Starting the conversation about your mental health with the healthcare provider you’re the most comfortable with is never a bad idea, but it’s also good to remember that most PCPs don’t specialize in mental health treatment, and mental health providers like psychiatrists can be fantastic resources as you start to figure out what your needs around treatment are.

By Gabrielle Kassel, Contributing writer

PSA: Sexually transmitted infections are not the only infections that can make home in or on your genital area. Yeast infections, bacterial vaginosis, and urinary tract infections are all totally curable infections that can people can get, even if they’ve never ever had sex. Really!

Important things to consider about genital infections

Read on to learn more about the three types of infections — including intel on how they differ from sexually transmitted infections also found in genital areas.

What is a urinary tract infection?

A urinary tract infection takes place when bacteria (usually E. coli) gets lodged in the urethra, occasionally traveling up the urinary tract to the bladder and/or kidneys.

What causes UTIs, exactly? Anytime outsider bacteria gets introduced to the urethra, there’s risk for infection. This could happen in a number of ways, including through sex. A UTI could also be caused from bacteria from the anus being brought forward towards the urethra, for example while wiping or during sex.

While people of all genitals can get UTIs, urinary tract infections are far more common in those with vaginas than penises because the urethra is so much shorter. This means that the distance the bacteria has to travel in order to get to the bladder is shorter, increasing the odds that the infectious agent makes it to the infection-site.

Common symptoms include:

• Frequent urination
• Pain or discomfort while urinating
• Urine that is cloudy or pink in color
• Lower abdominal or pelvic pain or cramping
• Rectal pain

A UTI can be diagnosed with a quick urine sample — for more information on how to properly collect a urine same, head here. If tested-positive, your healthcare provider will prescribe a round of antibiotics which will begin to clear the infection up in as little as 24 to 72 hours. The type of antibiotics will vary based on the type of bacteria found in the sample, as well as the location (urethra, bladder, or kidneys) of the infection.

What is a yeast infection?

Also known as candidiasis, a yeast infection occurs when there is an overgrowth of the fungi “candida” in the body.

Anybody can get a yeast infection. But those with vaginas are far (far!) more likely to be infected — nearly 75% will have a yeast infection at least once in their lifetime. Less than 1% of those with pensises will get a yeast infection in their lifetime.

The health of the internal canal of the vagina is regulated by something called the vaginal microbiome which is made up of millions of bacteria, yeast, and fungi that work the vagina’s bodyguard and janitorial staff, keeping the it clean while also warding off infectious pathogens.

When the vaginal microbiome becomes disrupted — which can occur from a variety of things including antibiotic use, pregnancy, uncontrolled diabetes, sitting in wet or sweaty clothes, oral contraceptives, interaction with another person’s natural genital bacteria, or use fragrant body washes — the owner becomes susceptible to a yeast infection.

Common symptoms include:

• Cottage-cheese-textured discharge
• Itching and irritation on the vulva, penis, or taint, or inside vaginal canal
• Pain or burning while urinating or during sex
• Redness, swelling, or irritation

Yeast infections can be diagnosed with a pelvic exam or lab test. Usually, they can be cured with a one to seven day regimen of anti-fungal topical or oral medication. However, if left untreated long enough the infection can travel elsewhere in the body and require a more rigorous course of treatment to be eliminated.

What is bacterial vaginosis?

Bacterial vaginosis names the condition in which there is an overgrowth of certain bacteria in the vaginal microbiome. As the name suggests, BV is a condition that only affects those with vaginas.

Similar to yeast infections, anything that upsets the vaginal microbiome can result in BV. However, things like douching, having sex with someone new, using fragrant washes and detergents, and smoking can all increase the risk.

Common symptoms include:

• Fishy or foul smelling odor
• Thin or loose discharge
• Vaginal or vulvar itching
• Burning while peeing

Bacterial vaginosis can be diagnosed through a pelvic exam, vaginal secretion or vaginal pH test. To treat bacterial vaginosis, your healthcare provider may prescribe an oral or intravaginal cream that should clear up the infection within a few days.

How are these infections different from STIs?

The main difference is how the infections are classified. Yeast infections, bacterial vaginosis, and UTIs are not classified as STIs.

While sex can increase risk of yeast infection, bacterial vaginosis, and UTIs, they are not considered sexually transmitted infections because they are not infections transmitted from one person to another. All sexually transmitted infections are strictly transmitted from an STI-positive person, to someone who is not positive for that STI through direct skin-to-skin contact or through exchange of bodily fluid exchange.

Another difference is that all of the infections mentioned here are totally curable with adequate treatment. While some STIs are curable (gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia, trichomoniasis, and pubic lice), there are also some viral STIs that can be treated, but cannot be cured.

However, all genitals infections can be asymptomatic. Or, result in similar symptoms like itching, burning, or pain during sex or while urinating.

So…how do you know which of the genital infections you have?

Talk to your provider about your concerns and which genital (or other) infections you are worried about. Together you can come up with a plan for testing and treatment to get you feeling better as soon as possible.

Reviewed by the Ovia Health Clinical Team

Sources

• Mayo Clinic Staff. “Urinary Tract Infection (UTI).” Mayo Clinic. Mayo Clinic. October 14, 2020. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/urinary-tract-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20353447
• Mayo Clinic Staff. “Yeast infection (vaginal).” Mayo Clinic. Mayo Clinic. March 17, 2021. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/yeast-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20378999

Here’s the latest from the Ovia Health Clinical Team, including answers to your questions and some practical guidance. 

If I’m pregnant and I get COVID-19, will the infection be worse?

It’s possible. Research indicates that pregnant people and recently pregnant people (within 42 days of giving birth) are at higher risk for significant complications from COVID-19 than their non-pregnant peers. This means that while the overall risk for severe illness is low, there is an increased risk of hospitalization, intubation and mechanical ventilation, blood clots, and requiring intensive care. There is also an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preterm birth and possibly an increased risk of pregnancy loss when compared to pregnant women who did not get COVID-19. 

These risks are compounded for Black pregnant people, who have long experienced nearly twice the risk of preterm birth when compared to white people. Many studies have demonstrated that race is likely an independent risk factor when it comes to healthcare outcomes like preterm birth, separate from other risk factors like income or education. That race-related risk may stem from chronic stresses of societal racism as well as the race-related inequalities that have been identified within the healthcare system. 

Pregnant parents who test positive for COVID-19 should be offered a discussion about the medication Paxlovid. You can read more about that here.

What can I do to prevent infection?

Prevention is no different for pregnant people than it is for anyone else. Follow the advice that you receive from your local health department, from the CDC, and from your healthcare provider. Avoid going to public places if you think or know you have COVID-19, to prevent spreading it to others. 

If you know local rates of Covid are high, wear masks when indoors and practice social distancing. Being vaccinated has been shown to provide protection against severe COVID-19 disease. However, you can still get sick and pass the illness on to vulnerable people who aren’t vaccinated or cannot be vaccinated (like newborns).

Is hand sanitizer safe in pregnancy?

Yes, Yes, YES. The CDC reports [3] that handwashing with soap and water is more effective than hand sanitizer. However, you can’t take the sink in your car or on a walk or to the grocery, so make sure you use hand sanitizer regularly in addition to handwashing. Furthermore, it’s often much easier to wipe hand sanitizer on your children’s hands than it is to get them properly washed, so consider this a regular habit as well.

If I get COVID-19, will I pass it to my fetus?

The most recent research on the topic says that transmitting COVID-19 while pregnant is very rare – for moms in North America, the rate was about 0.1%. This does not include the risk of passing it to your newborn during routine care postpartum. However, studies suggest that people who tested positive for COVID-19 during pregnancy are more likely to have complications, such as preterm birth [6]. There is no evidence that cesarean delivery reduces the risk of infection for Baby, so this is not recommended.

What about during and after birth?

It is extremely important that you call your healthcare provider before you go to the hospital if you think you have COVID-19. Once at the hospital, your provider knows what to do to reduce the risk that your baby (and the healthcare professionals who care for you) will become infected.

Keep in mind that testing positive for COVID-19 when in labor may cause changes to your birth plan and hospital stay. You may want to consider extra precautions in the last weeks of pregnancy to avoid this.

What is the risk to my baby? And what about the risk to my other children?

Children seem to be at less risk of becoming really sick with COVID-19 than adults are, but infants make up the bulk of serious cases and hospitalizations in children under 17. Current evidence suggests that babies are not likely to get COVID-19 from their mothers as long as preventative steps are taken, such as wearing a mask around your baby, washing your hands for 20 seconds prior to holding your baby, and having them sleep 6 feet away from you. You should still do everything you can to reduce the risk of exposure. Children with certain underlying conditions are at risk for complications from COVID-19, so it is important to keep them safe and communicate with their pediatrician.

Is breastfeeding safe if I think I have COVID-19?

There are many benefits to breastfeeding for parents and babies. It appears unlikely that COVID-19 can be transmitted through breast milk, though helpful antibodies can be passed along! 

If you test positive for COVID-19, this may impact the care of your newborn. In-hospital, the CDC recommends discussing with your provider the risks and benefits of caring for your newborn while sick. Mildly ill people generally room in and care for their newborns. If you are seriously ill, this may not feel like a physically possible or safe option. Once you are home, wash your hands frequently — and always before touching your baby. Wear a mask when you are within 6 feet of your baby or another person. If you have a caregiver who lives with you, they should also wear a mask whenever caring for your baby.

We know that with other illnesses, you pass antibodies to your baby through your breast milk. Antibodies are what your body makes to help fight off illness. The research into COVID antibodies in breastmilk is really encouraging and suggests that antibodies are passed through breast milk after infection or vaccination. 

What if I’m trying to conceive and not yet pregnant?

There’s no evidence that COVID-19 or any similar viruses impact conception or cause birth defects if you are sick when you conceive.

Should pregnant people get the COVID-19 vaccine?

Multiple well-respected clinical organizations, including the ACOG (the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists) and the ACNM (American College of Nurse-Midwives), recommend the vaccine to people who are trying to conceive, pregnant, and breastfeeding [11].

The first clinical trials for the COVID-19 vaccines manufactured by Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, and Novavax did not include participants who were known to be pregnant or breastfeeding. This is typical for pharmaceutical research. Recent studies have included pregnant people and show that there is no increased risk and that vaccines given in any trimester do not negatively impact pregnancy outcomes. In addition, vaccinating in the second or third trimester may offer additional protection to your newborn.

Additionally, none of these COVID-19 vaccines contain a “live” virus. This means you cannot get COVID-19 from the vaccines. In general, vaccines that do not contain “live” viruses are safe during pregnancy and do not have increased risks for infertility, miscarriage, fetal anomalies, or stillbirth. Side effects of the COVID-19 vaccines include pain at the site of injection, fever, fatigue, and chills. These typically go away after a couple of days. These side effects are normal and expected and are indicators of your immune system doing its job to learn to protect you from the virus. There have been very rare reports of unexpected, adverse reactions from the vaccines. A severe allergic reaction called anaphylaxis can happen in very rare cases. The incidences of these adverse events are so low that getting vaccinated remains safer than potentially getting infected with COVID-19. [12].

You can also reach out to the experts at Mother to Baby for more information. Your midwife, doctor, or other healthcare professional is also a great resource for more information about the COVID-19 vaccine. Ultimately, you are the one who knows what is best for your body and your family.

Reviewed by the Ovia Health Clinical Team

Sources:

Dara D. Mendez, Vijaya K. Hogan & Jennifer F. Culhane “Institutional racism, neighborhood factors, stress, and preterm birth”. Ethnicity & Health. 19:5, 479-499. October 18, 2013.

Jasmine D. Johnson et al., “Racial Disparities in Prematurity Persist Among Women of High Socioeconomic Status,” American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology 2. 2(3), 100104. Nov 10, 2020

James W. Collins Jr et al., “Very Low Birthweight in African American Infants: The Role of Maternal Exposure to Interpersonal Racial Discrimination,” American Journal of Public Health. 94(12), 2132–2138. December 2004.

Braveman Paula, et al. “Explaining the Black-White Disparity in Preterm Birth: A Consensus Statement From a Multi-Disciplinary Scientific Work Group Convened by the March of Dimes” Frontiers in Reproductive Health. Vol. 3. 684207 September 2, 2021.

What artificial insemination is and the types to consider

It’s essentially when sperm is introduced into a female’s uterus or cervix with the hope of getting pregnant without sexual intercourse. You might think of it as a little bit of assistance with getting pregnant. Just how are these methods different?

IUI

IUI stands for intrauterine insemination. This insemination method injects the sperm directly into the uterus. Because this insemination method will place sperm closer to the egg that other insemination methods, IUI is believed to have a slightly higher success rate than other methods. Many people who undergo IUI (and the following two forms of insemination, ICI and IVI) do it while also taking fertility drugs to increase egg production and, as a result, increase the chances of getting pregnant. If you’ve heard about IUI leading to a higher chance of multiples, it’s likely because of accompanying fertility treatments, not the procedure itself.

ICI

ICI isn’t a tasty frozen treat you can get at your local movie theatre – it stands for intracervical insemination. Intracervical insemination happens when sperm is injected into the cervix, which is the tissue that connects the vagina and the uterus. Unlike IUI, you can perform ICI with unwashed sperm. There is a recommendation that IUI and ICI be performed by a healthcare provider, but some couples have found success performing these methods of artificial insemination at home.

IVI

IVI means intravaginal insemination, which is when sperm is injected into the vagina. Of the three methods of artificial insemination, this one places the sperm farthest from the egg and therefore has the lowest success rate. However, it’s the cheapest method and doesn’t necessarily require assistance from a healthcare provider. If you’d like to try intravaginal insemination at home, it can be done with a clean syringe or a cervical cap.

IVF

You’ve probably heard of IVF, which stands for in-vitro fertilization, but this procedure isn’t actually a method of artificial insemination. IVF is sometimes confused with the above methods and believed to be a kind of artificial insemination, but it’s actually another type of assisted reproductive technology. For IVF, semen and an egg are combined to form an embryo, and that embryo is then implanted into the uterus.

So which method is best?

Each method of artificial insemination has its own set of benefits. The cheapest method of artificial insemination is IVI, and if you’re looking to inseminate at home, you might want to consider this method. But the most effective method might be IUI. And IVF is an effective form of assisted reproductive technology, but it’s expensive, and, like all of these methods, it isn’t guaranteed to work. Really, if you need a little bit of help getting pregnant and are considering one of these methods, it’s advisable to speak with your healthcare provider or a fertility specialist so that they can help you decide which method will be best for you.

Choosing a birth control method is a very personal decision – what causes an issue for one person, might solve an issue one for another. There’s a lot to consider when selecting a method that might be best for you.

How to pick from multiple birth control options

First thing’s first, consider what’s important to you. Do you prefer an option that you don’t have to worry about most of the time? Are you looking for something hormonal to help you manage difficult periods, or do you have a health condition that prevents you from being able to use a hormonal option? Does having children in the future factor into your decision?

Here are some of the most popular birth control methods, and why you might find them to be a good fit, depending on your preferences.

Birth control implant

• What it is: A small plastic rod inserted under the skin of the arm, the implant releases a hormone that prevents the ovaries from releasing eggs.  It can be inserted in a provider’s office or health clinic. The implant is more than 99% effective at preventing pregnancy.
• Might be a good fit if you’re looking for: a long-acting reversible contraception (or LARC) that you don’t have to worry about regularly. The implant can last for about five years, is highly effective at preventing pregnancy, and doesn’t interrupt sex. You might also enjoy lighter or even non-existent periods (though this can come after spotting). LARCs can also be cost-effective over the long term.

Birth control pill

• What it is: These use one or two hormones to regulate the menstrual cycle — there are many types of birth control pills with different hormone combinations and doses. The pill is about 91% effective at preventing pregnancy, but if it’s taken correctly, that number shoots up to 99%. So be sure to follow the package instructions closely.
• Might be a good fit if you’re looking for: lighter and less painful periods, and if you want a method that doesn’t interrupt sex. You can also use the pill to skip your period.

Birth control patch

• What it is: A small hormonal patch worn on the skin. The patch needs to be changed once a week and is about 91% effective at preventing pregnancy. Like the pill, if it’s used correctly according to package instructions, it is 99% effective.
• Might be a good fit if you’re looking for: lighter and less painful periods and reduced acne. This method doesn’t interrupt sex and doesn’t need to be taken every day. You can also use the patch to skip your period.

Birth control ring

• What it is: A small, flexible ring that releases hormones. The ring is inserted into the vagina once every 3-6 weeks. If you do this on schedule every time, the ring is 99% effective.
• Might be a good fit if you’re looking for: lighter and less painful periods and reduced acne. This method doesn’t interrupt sex, doesn’t need to be taken every day, and can be inserted at home. You can also use the ring to skip your period.

Birth control shot

• What it is: A hormonal shot given once every three months. It is most effective when follow-up shots are administered on time. It is about 94% effective at preventing pregnancy as many people don’t get their shots on schedule. If you do get your shots on schedule, it’s 99% effective. Shots can be done by a provider or at home.
• Might be a good fit if you’re looking for: a LARC that you don’t have to worry about every day, that doesn’t interrupt sex, and that can lead to lighter or even non-existent periods (though this might come after spotting for about a year).

Condom

• What it is: Male and female (or internal) condoms are both physical barrier methods of birth control that are placed on either the penis or inside the vagina. The male condom is 85% effective at preventing pregnancy and the female condom is 79% effective.
• Might be a good fit if you’re looking for: a method with few side effects, that’s non-hormonal, affordable and available over the counter, and offers protection against sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Condoms are the only birth control method that helps protect against STIs, so they can be used on their own or alongside other birth control methods (though these two types of condoms shouldn’t be used together).

IUD

• What it is: A small T-shaped device that’s inserted into the uterus. The copper version is hormone-free and the various types of plastic IUDs release a hormone. Both are more than 99% effective at preventing pregnancy.
• Might be a good fit if you’re looking for: a LARC that you don’t have to worry about regularly — hormonal IUDs can last 3-5 years and the copper IUD can last 10 years. IUDs are highly effective at preventing pregnancy, and don’t interrupt sex. For some, the copper IUD is appealing as a non-hormonal method. For others, the hormonal IUD, allows for lighter or even non-existent periods (though this might come after spotting for several months). LARCs can also be cost-effective over the long term.

These are just some of the more effective forms of reversible birth control options. Other methods include physical methods (like the diaphragm, cervical cap, birth control sponge, and spermicide), behavioral methods (like breastfeeding as birth control, and cycle tracking or “the rhythm method”), and permanent methods (like sterilization and vasectomy).

With so many methods to choose from and so much to consider, it can be helpful to speak with a healthcare provider about your health history and your birth control preferences. They can help you learn more about all your birth control options, answer your questions, and recommend a method that should work for you.

And if you’re taking the pill or have an IUD, add it to your Ovia profile!

Reviewed by the Ovia Health Clinical Team

Read more

• Finding the birth control method that works for you
• Unveiling birth control myths

Sources

• “Birth Control.” Planned Parenthood. Planned Parenthood. Retrieved March 31 2020. https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/birth-control.
• “Birth control methods.” Office on Women’s Health.” U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, April 24 2017. Retrieved March 31 2020. https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/birth-control-methods.
• “Choose the Right Birth Control.” MyHealthfinder. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, February 5 2020. Retrieved March 31 2020. https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/topics/everyday-healthy-living/sexual-health/choose-right-birth-control.
• “What do I need to know about birth control?” Planned Parenthood. Planned Parenthood. Retrieved March 31 2020. https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/teens/preventing-pregnancy-stds/what-do-i-need-know-about-birth-control.

Common misconceptions and facts about birth control

How many of these facts did you already know? Take a look at common misconceptions and vital facts about birth control.

“The pill” doesn’t just describe one single kind of pill.

The name might suggest that it’s just one single medication, but “the pill” actually includes a number of different kinds of oral contraceptives. There are two main varieties of the pill — combination pills, which contain estrogen and progestin, and the minipill, which contains only progestin. And each type comes in a variety of doses, brands and generics. Conventional packs lead to a period every month, whereas continuous dosing/extended cycle packs lead to a period once every three or more months. With so many options to choose from, many people can find a form of the pill that’s a good fit.

Most birth control doesn’t protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

Many types of birth control do a fantastic job at preventing pregnancy — IUDs and the birth control implant are 99% effective! — but most birth control doesn’t protect against STIs. Male and female condoms are the only types of birth control that provide protection against STIs. They are not the most effective at preventing pregnancy — 85% and 79%, respectively — so it’s often a good idea to use more than one contraception in order to both prevent pregnancy and protect against STIs. Just don’t use male and female condoms together. They can rub against each other and break or slip, making them much less effective at protecting against both pregnancy and STIs.

You can use the pill to skip your period.

And it’s safe to do so. Essentially, you can skip taking the hormone-free “reminder” pills found at the end of a pack and instead take the first week of active pills in the next pack to skip your period. Some people do this so they don’t have to deal with getting their period on a special occasion or during travel. Others do it to skip out on pain or discomfort during their period. If you take the pill and are interested in skipping your period, just be sure to check in with your healthcare provider to understand how to do so with your specific brand.

The morning-after pill isn’t just for the morning after.

The name may suggest that you need to use the morning-after pill (or “emergency contraception”) right away to lessen your chance of getting pregnant after unprotected intercourse. But, technically, you have a little more time to do so — some brands of morning-after pill can be taken up to 72 hours (or 3 days) after intercourse, others for up to 120 hours (or 5 days) after. It is worth noting that the morning-after pill is most effective the sooner it’s taken because the hormones in it keep your body from ovulating — no ovulation, no pregnancy. Depending on where you live, the morning-after pill may be available over the counter or as a prescription. Just be aware: some studies suggest that these pills may be less effective at preventing pregnancy for people with higher body weights. In addition, many combination birth control pills can be used as emergency contraception if you have them at home. Talk to your provider about what option is best for you.

Some birth control is approved for use for up to 10 years.

The copper IUD is approved for use for 10 years to prevent pregnancy! The small T-shaped device is inserted into the uterus, and once in place, it can safely stay there for a decade. It can always be removed sooner, after which, it is possible to get pregnant right away. Because many people use this as a long-acting, reversible form of birth control, depending on your insurance, it may also come with the added perk of being cost-effective.

Hormonal birth control can be used for much more than just to prevent pregnancy.

42% of people who take the pill do so exclusively to prevent pregnancy. The other 58% take the pill for other reasons as well. Hormonal birth control can be used to help with irregular or particularly uncomfortable periods — heavy periods, lengthy periods, heavy cramping and discomfort, or pain and other health problems related to endometriosis — or even mood disorders and acne. Hormonal birth control can improve quality of life for those suffering from some of these conditions.

That’s the overview of important birth control facts and common misconceptions. If you want to learn more, or have questions about what sort of birth control might be right for you, be sure to speak with your healthcare provider.

And if you’re taking the pill or have an IUD, add it to your Ovia profile!

Read more about your birth control options

• Which birth control option is right for you?
• Finding the birth control method that works for you

Sources

• “Barrier Methods of Birth Control: Spermicide, Condom, Sponge, Diaphragm, and Cervical Cap.” American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, May 2018. Retrieved March 31 2020. https://www.acog.org/patient-resources/faqs/contraception/barrier-methods-of-birth-control-spermicide-condom-sponge-diaphragm-and-cervical-cap.
• “Birth Control.” American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, May 2019. Retrieved March 31 2020. https://www.acog.org/patient-resources/faqs/especially-for-teens/birth-control.
• “Combined Hormonal Birth Control: Pill, Patch, and Ring.” American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, March 2018. Retrieved March 31 2020. https://www.acog.org/patient-resources/faqs/contraception/combined-hormonal-birth-control-pill-patch-and-ring.
• “Contraceptive Use.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, March 21 2019. Retrieved March 31 2020. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/contraceptive.htm.
• “Emergency Contraception.” American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, May 2019. Retrieved March 31 2020. https://www.acog.org/patient-resources/faqs/contraception/emergency-contraception.
• “IUD.” Planned Parenthood. Planned Parenthood, Retrieved March 31 2020. https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/birth-control/iud.
• “Long-Acting Reversible Contraception: Intrauterine Device and Implant.” American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, January 2018. Retrieved March 31 2020. https://www.acog.org/patient-resources/faqs/contraception/long-acting-reversible-contraception-intrauterine-device-and-implant.
• “Plan B morning-after pill.” Planned Parenthood League of Massachusetts. Planned Parenthood League of Massachusetts, Retrieved March 31 2020. https://www.plannedparenthood.org/planned-parenthood-massachusetts/online-health-center/planned-parenthood-services-birth-control-abortion-std-hiv-pregnancy-health-care/emergency-contraception-plan-b.

Birth control myths, debunked

We’re here to set the record straight by debunking some widespread myths and help you get closer to finding the best birth control method for you!

MYTH: Hormonal birth control makes you gain weight

Birth control might make you retain water, but it doesn’t make you gain weight. It’s not uncommon to gain a little weight as a result of retaining water when starting hormonal birth control, but this side effect typically goes away quickly. Some hormonal birth control may come with other side effects, like an increased appetite or feeling bloated, but there’s no proven association between hormonal birth control and longer term weight gain. (One exception is the birth control shot [Depo Provera], which for some patients has been shown to have longer-term weight gain as a side effect.) As with all birth control, if you’re concerned about or if you experience any side-effects, you should speak with your healthcare provider to see if there’s another option that might be a better fit for you. It could just be a matter of switching to a similar birth control with a different combination of hormones.

MYTH: All pills are created equal

There are many different types of birth control pills. Combination pills contain estrogen and progestin, whereas the minipill contains only progestin — both options come in a variety of doses. Some pills are organized in conventional packs and you can expect a period every month, others are continuous dosing/extended cycle packs with a period once every three months. There’s a wealth of different pills to choose from, brand name options and generic options.

Birth control pills have different benefits and side effects. For people with certain medical conditions, sometimes the pill is not a good fit. Your healthcare provider can help you learn more.

MYTH: Taking birth control can negatively affect your fertility

Birth control use — whether used for a short time or long-term — doesn’t affect your fertility. After using certain hormonal birth control methods, you may need to wait a few months before your menstrual cycle will return to normal so you can get pregnant. But there’s no evidence that birth control presents any long-term fertility issues, and some people get pregnant right away after stopping the pill.

MYTH: Using the pill to skip your period isn’t good for you

While you should check with your healthcare provider about the specifics for your birth control pill, it’s entirely safe to skip your period. It’s also very easy. Just take a pill that includes hormones every day and skip the hormone-free “reminder” pills at the end of a pack. Some people like to skip their period if it’s going to fall on a special occasion — like on a vacation or while traveling — others opt for this option to avoid period discomfort. Regardless of the reason you’d like to skip yours, you may experience a little bit of spotting, which is normal.

MYTH: Long term use of hormonal birth control isn’t healthy

Hormonal birth controls aren’t necessarily a good fit for everyone — certain health conditions might increase the risks associated with using specific birth control pills, or the pill in general. But hormonal birth control is a very good fit for a lot of people. It can even help certain people feel better. For those with particularly irregular or uncomfortable periods — a heavy period, lengthy periods, heavy cramping and discomfort, or pain and other health problems related to endometriosis — hormonal birth control can improve quality of life, with lighter, shorter, more regular, more comfortable periods.

MYTH: Birth control’s primary use is to prevent pregnancy

Certainly, a lot of people use birth control to prevent pregnancy — and as the name suggests that’s the primary reason many people might use it. But many take birth control for other reasons already mentioned — like to have a more comfortable or more regular period and relieve major pain and discomfort — and for even to help improve mood or acne. Everyone has their own reasons for wanting to use birth control, and no matter your reason, a healthcare provider can help you find the type of birth control that’s a good fit for you.

And if you’re taking the pill or have an IUD, add it to your Ovia profile!

Reviewed by the Ovia Health Clinical Team

Read more about birth control

• Are LARCs more popular than ever?
• Who should I talk to about birth control?

Sources

• “Birth Control.” American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, May 2019. Retrieved March 31 2020. https://www.acog.org/patient-resources/faqs/especially-for-teens/birth-control.
• “Combined Hormonal Birth Control: Pill, Patch, and Ring.” American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, March 2018. Retrieved March 31 2020. https://www.acog.org/patient-resources/faqs/contraception/combined-hormonal-birth-control-pill-patch-and-ring.
• “Contraceptive Use.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, March 21 2019. Retrieved March 31 2020. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/contraceptive.htm.
• “IUD.” Planned Parenthood. Planned Parenthood, Retrieved March 31 2020. https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/birth-control/iud.
• “Long-Acting Reversible Contraception: Intrauterine Device and Implant.” American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, January 2018. Retrieved March 31 2020. https://www.acog.org/patient-resources/faqs/contraception/long-acting-reversible-contraception-intrauterine-device-and-implant.

Benefits of Long Acting Reversible Contraception

LARCs have a number of benefits – you can find a few of them right in the name! The contraception options are long-acting and some can last up to 10 years and are reversible. This means that they’ll prevent you from getting pregnant now, but you can always stop using the method if you want to get pregnant later. Additionally, because often there is only one up front cost, LARCs can also be more affordable compared to other birth control methods.

And one of the most notable benefits that’s not in the name? Some LARCs can be 99% effective at preventing pregnancy. There are a number of LARC options to choose from, so there’s a good chance that can find one that’s right for you.

3 Long Acting Reversible Contraception Options to Consider

We’ve selected 3 contraception options that are also long acting and reversible.

Intrauterine device (IUD)

This small T- shaped device is inserted into the uterus. IUDs come in two different forms: the copper IUD (Paragard), which is hormone free and can last for about 10 years, and hormonal IUDs (Mirena, Skyla, Kyleena, Liletta), which release a small amount of hormones and can last 3-8 years.

Birth control shot

This method (Depo-Provera) is given as a simple shot. It’s important to get regular follow-up shots on time — every 12 weeks — for this method to be effective.

Birth control implant

The implant (Nexplanon) is a tiny rod, about the size of a matchstick. It’s inserted under the skin of the upper arm. It releases hormones and can last for 5 years.

Talk to your healthcare provider

If you’re interested in learning more about LARCs, you should speak with your healthcare provider or clinic to find the best option for you. While an implant or IUD needs to be inserted by a clinician in a provider’s office, birth control shots can be easily administered by a nurse or medical assistant — or right at home!

Because LARCs don’t prevent STDs, if you use one of these methods to prevent pregnancy, you may want to use a barrier method, like a condom, as well.

Reviewed by the Ovia Health Clinical Team

Read more about birth control

• Who should I talk to about birth control?
• How much do you know about birth control?

Sources

• Donna Shoupe. “LARC methods: entering a new age of contraception and reproductive health.” Contraception and Reproductive Medicine. 1(4). February 23 2016. Retrieved March 31 2020. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5675060/#CR36.
• “Birth Control.” American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, May 2019. Retrieved March 31 2020. https://www.acog.org/patient-resources/faqs/especially-for-teens/birth-control.
• “Birth Control Implant.” Planned Parenthood. Planned Parenthood, Retrieved March 31 2020. https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/birth-control/birth-control-implant-implanon.
• “Birth Control Shot.” Planned Parenthood. Planned Parenthood, Retrieved March 31 2020. https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/birth-control/birth-control-shot.
• “Contraceptive Use.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, March 21 2019. Retrieved March 31 2020. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/contraceptive.htm.
• “IUD.” Planned Parenthood. Planned Parenthood, Retrieved March 31 2020. https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/birth-control/iud.
• “Long-Acting Reversible Contraception (LARC).” Planned Parenthood of Orange & San Bernardino Counties. Planned Parenthood of Orange & San Bernardino Counties, Inc., Retrieved March 31 2020. https://www.plannedparenthood.org/planned-parenthood-orange-san-bernardino/patients/larcs.
• “Use of Highly Effective Contraceptives in the U.S. Continues to Rise, with Likely Implications for Declines in Unintended Pregnancy and Abortion.” Guttmacher Institute. Guttmacher Institute, December 2014. https://www.guttmacher.org/article/2014/12/use-highly-effective-contraceptives-us-continues-rise-likely-implications-declines.

Know your options before you talk to someone about birth control

The first bit of good news: there are many birth control methods for you to choose from. Whether you are selecting an option for the first time or hoping to switch to one that’s a better fit, it’s likely that you can find a method that accommodates your needs. Your first step should be to speak with a healthcare provider and make an appointment to figure out a good fit. They can talk you through all of your options, answer any questions, and, if necessary, give you a prescription or schedule placement of a long-acting option.

Tips for talking with a provider

There are a number of different types of providers that you can speak with. You can work with your primary care provider, an OB/GYN, a certified nurse midwife, or a nurse practitioner to learn about your options. And you can do so in any number of different settings — like at a hospital, a private medical practice, a health or family planning clinic, or a community health center. Find a provider that you feel comfortable with at a convenient location.

Be honest

You should speak with your provider honestly about your general health, your period and your cycle health, your medical history, your lifestyle, and if or when you have any plans to have children. If you feel uncomfortable disclosing certain medical or sexual history, (for example, abuse or previous abortions) that is okay. It can take time to develop a trusting relationship with a provider. It is very helpful to talk about any experiences you’ve had in the past when taking birth control. Birth control isn’t one size fits all — when you are open about your needs and concerns you are more likely to find a good option!

Talk about your priorities

Does it make sense for you to take a pill every day or would you like to opt for a longer lasting option? Do you want something that will help you manage your period? Is effectiveness at preventing pregnancy your top priority? Make sure you talk with your provider about what’s most important to you.

Ask questions

Your provider is there to help you learn more about your options and ensure that you leave feeling good about the one you’ve chosen. You don’t need to have all the answers, so ask any questions that are on your mind and ask for clarification if anything is unclear. Do you want to know more about side effects? Or about how to use the method you’ve decided on? This is the time to ask away!

Choosing a birth control method is a very important — and very individual — decision. Speaking with a provider you trust is the best way to get started.

Reviewed by the Ovia Health Clinical Team

Read more

• How much do you know about birth control?
• Which birth control option is right for you?

Sources

• “Birth control methods.” Office on Women’s Health. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, April 24 2017. Retrieved March 31 2020. https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/birth-control-methods.
• “Choose the Right Birth Control.” MyHealthfinder. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, February 5 2020. Retrieved March 31 2020. https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/topics/everyday-healthy-living/sexual-health/choose-right-birth-control.
• “What do I need to know about birth control?” Planned Parenthood. Planned Parenthood. Retrieved March 31 2020. https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/teens/preventing-pregnancy-stds/what-do-i-need-know-about-birth-control.

How long does it take (on average) to get pregnant?

Many factors can influence how long it takes to get pregnant, including your cycle, general health, fertility conditions, age, and lifestyle.

Getting pregnant faster

Although it takes the average female up to six months to conceive, there are ways to improve fertility health and reduce time to pregnancy. Staying healthy through diet and exercise and taking folic acid supplements can greatly increase your chances of conceiving, relative to those who don’t do these things. Individuals who track their fertility data to pinpoint their ovulation are also able to speed up their time to conception. Even your mood might help with your fertility: some studies have found that happier emotional states correlate with faster conception.

How long is too long?

Although any female without a condition of infertility or sterility can get pregnant naturally before menopause, some may take a bit longer than others. Doctors recommend that couples who have not conceived after one year of trying seek a fertility consultation to determine if an alternative route to conception might be explored, whether it’s in vitro fertilization (IVF), surgery, or fertility medication. It’s recommended that women over 35 should seek a fertility consultation after six months of trying.

If you have any questions about trying to conceive or your fertility health in general, don’t hesitate to reach out to your healthcare provider for more information.

Read more

• Does pregnancy loss impact future conception?
• Trying to get pregnant for more than a year

Sources

• Dr. Walter Willett. “Nurses’ Health Study II.” National Institutes of Health. United States, 1989-. Web.
• “Nutrition During Pregnancy: FAQ001.” ACOG. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 4/15/2015. Web.