What artificial insemination is and the types to consider

It’s essentially when sperm is introduced into a female’s uterus or cervix with the hope of getting pregnant without sexual intercourse. You might think of it as a little bit of assistance with getting pregnant. Just how are these methods different?

IUI

IUI stands for intrauterine insemination. This insemination method injects the sperm directly into the uterus. Because this insemination method will place sperm closer to the egg that other insemination methods, IUI is believed to have a slightly higher success rate than other methods. Many people who undergo IUI (and the following two forms of insemination, ICI and IVI) do it while also taking fertility drugs to increase egg production and, as a result, increase the chances of getting pregnant. If you’ve heard about IUI leading to a higher chance of multiples, it’s likely because of accompanying fertility treatments, not the procedure itself.

ICI

ICI isn’t a tasty frozen treat you can get at your local movie theatre – it stands for intracervical insemination. Intracervical insemination happens when sperm is injected into the cervix, which is the tissue that connects the vagina and the uterus. Unlike IUI, you can perform ICI with unwashed sperm. There is a recommendation that IUI and ICI be performed by a healthcare provider, but some couples have found success performing these methods of artificial insemination at home.

IVI

IVI means intravaginal insemination, which is when sperm is injected into the vagina. Of the three methods of artificial insemination, this one places the sperm farthest from the egg and therefore has the lowest success rate. However, it’s the cheapest method and doesn’t necessarily require assistance from a healthcare provider. If you’d like to try intravaginal insemination at home, it can be done with a clean syringe or a cervical cap.

IVF

You’ve probably heard of IVF, which stands for in-vitro fertilization, but this procedure isn’t actually a method of artificial insemination. IVF is sometimes confused with the above methods and believed to be a kind of artificial insemination, but it’s actually another type of assisted reproductive technology. For IVF, semen and an egg are combined to form an embryo, and that embryo is then implanted into the uterus.

So which method is best?

Each method of artificial insemination has its own set of benefits. The cheapest method of artificial insemination is IVI, and if you’re looking to inseminate at home, you might want to consider this method. But the most effective method might be IUI. And IVF is an effective form of assisted reproductive technology, but it’s expensive, and, like all of these methods, it isn’t guaranteed to work. Really, if you need a little bit of help getting pregnant and are considering one of these methods, it’s advisable to speak with your healthcare provider or a fertility specialist so that they can help you decide which method will be best for you.

What are herbal supplements?

Herbal supplements are plant-derived products which some people believe can help with different bodily functions, including fertility. Herbal supplements are non-pharmaceutical, and some may have side effects during pregnancy, so it’s extremely important to work with your healthcare provider to make sure that any herbal supplement you use is safe to take.

How herbal supplements might increase fertility

So while you should definitely consult your healthcare provider before getting started, we’ve listed 5 of the most commonly used herbs for fertility.

• Chasteberry

Also known as Vitex agnus-castus, this fruit of the Chaste tree has the effect of signaling for the brain to produce more luteinizing hormone, the hormone that triggers ovulation. This in turn helps the ovaries produce more progesterone, which is critical for supporting an early pregnancy. Chasteberry also promotes regular ovarian functioning, and can help normalize the hormone balance overall to assist in managing PMS symptoms.

• Red clover

This is a herb recognized for its ability to improve circulatory functioning, which carries with it a multitude of fertility benefits. Improved circulatory functioning is excellent for both your ovaries and uterus, as they need healthy blood flow in order to work at their peak. Because it improves circulation, red clover can also help promote more, and more fertile, cervical fluid.

• Red raspberry leaf

Also used by a lot of people during pregnancy, red raspberry leaf is packed with critical vitamins and minerals for boosting your fertility. There are indications that red raspberry leaf can help strengthen the uterine lining, and lengthen a short luteal phase, so there are definite fertility benefits besides just being high in Vitamin C and Vitamin E. But healthcare providers are split on the safety of red raspberry leaf during pregnancy, so like any herbal supplement, you should do your research and speak with your provider before beginning a regimen.

• Black cohosh

Another herb that helps promote a strong, healthy uterine lining, black cohosh is recognized not just for its fertility benefits, but also for managing painful periods due to its anti-inflammatory properties. Black cohosh isn’t so safe for pregnancy, however, so you should really only use it under a healthcare provider’s supervision.

• Siberian ginseng

A relatively new herb on the fertility scene, Siberian ginseng is recognized for its ability to effectively fight fatigue, and to normalize the hormonal balance in females, contributing to its status as a very effective fertility-booster.

These herbal supplements are all recognized for their fertility-boosting properties, but, again, how these herbs will affect any single individual is unique, so it’s still very important to speak with your healthcare provider before beginning any herbal regimen, even if you aren’t pregnant.

Read more

• Best herbs for fertility
• Can fertility supplements help me conceive?

Sources

• Toh MF, Sohn J, Chen SN, Yao P, Bolton JL, Burdette JE. “Biological characterization of non-steroidal progestins from botanicals used for women’s health.” jos. 77(7):765-73. doi: 10.1016/j.steroids.2012.03.013. Web. 6/12/2015.
• Hartz AJ, Bentler S, Noyes R, Hoehns J, Logemann C, Sinift S, Butani Y, Wang W, Brake K, Ernst M, Kautzman H. “Randomized controlled trial of Siberian ginseng for chronic fatigue.” Psychological Medicine. 34(1):51-61. Web. 1/4/2015.

How does Clomid work for fertility?

Clomid is taken as a pill, usually as a 50 mg dose for 5 consecutive days beginning somewhere between days 3 and 5 of the menstrual cycle. Clomid tricks the part of the brain the regulates hormone function, the hypothalamus, into thinking that your body has a lower level of estrogen than it actually does. This results in the production of extra FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone), which causes your follicles to become more robust than they otherwise would, ultimately leading to the rupture of a follicle, and ovulation.

Ovulation generally occurs about 6-7 days after the last day of the Clomid regimen, but patients are recommended to begin using ovulation test strips about 3 days after the last day of taking the pill. Other ovulation monitoring techniques are possible through a healthcare provider, such as a vaginal ultrasound to determine the number and size of follicles, or estrogen level tests 4-6 days after taking the last pill.

According to leading fertility clinic IVF New Jersey, Clomid is successful in triggering ovulation in about 80% of patients, with 15% conceiving in any given cycle using Clomid, and 40% becoming pregnant over the course of the recommended maximum of six cycles. The dosage may be increased by 50 mg each cycle (though going over 150 mg isn’t often recommended) until pregnancy is achieved.

When is Clomid used?

Clomid is prescribed to treat infertility due to ovulatory disorders like PCOS, irregular cycles, anovulation (no ovulation in a menstrual cycle), and unexplained infertility. Clomid will generally only be prescribed if there are no fallopian tube blockages, and no male factor infertility. Clomid helps women who may not ovulate, or ovulate regularly, to do so.

Are there any side effects?

The most common side effects of Clomid include enlarged ovaries, headaches, hot flashes, vaginal dryness, bloating and mood swings. Additionally, somewhere between 5-10% of pregnancies achieved after using Clomid will result in a multiple pregnancy, most commonly twins. Healthcare providers normally suggest that patients seek a different method of assisted reproduction after six cycles of Clomid without success.

Choosing your healthcare provider is a very important part of the process when trying to conceive (TTC) , as they’ll guide you with sound, personalized advice and care during the course of your attempts to conceive, throughout pregnancy right up to delivery, and then postpartum.

Choosing a trusted healthcare provider

These providers – such as OB-GYNs, midwives, fertility specialists, family medicine physicians, nurse practitioners, or physician assistants – will be able to answer any questions you may have with greater certainty than your friends, relatives, or even… the internet. Healthcare providers are there to help, and can provide crucial insight to make your entire journey go as smoothly as possible, from conception to delivery and beyond.

Pre-conception appointment

Though not a requirement, many people will choose to visit with their provider before embarking on their journey to pregnancy. Your provider will answer any questions you or your partner may have, discuss the fertile window and how to identify it, and will review your recent menstrual cycles with you to make sure that you’re ovulating. A pre-conception appointment is certainly not a must, but it can definitely help you get a better sense of the process.

How Ovia can help your healthcare provider

Although Ovia’s responses are fully researched, and we employ a team of medical advisors, Ovia’s feedback and responses do not qualify as medical advice, and the Ovia product is not intended to replace your healthcare provider. However, tracking your data can help you realize when there might be an issue that requires medical attention, and Ovia will also recommend you see a provider if an issue is identified. Ovia can help you better understand your body and advise you along the way, but nothing can be a substitute for your healthcare provider – so it’s important you have a provider you can trust when on your journey.

Reviewed by the Ovia Health Clinical Team

Read more

• 5 best ways to prepare your body for pregnancy
• Genetic testing before pregnancy

Sources

• “Patient Fact Sheet: Infertility: An Overview.” ASRM. American Society for Reproductive Medicine, 2012. Web.
• “Pregnancy Planner.” HealthyWomen. National Women’s Health Resource Center Inc., 2017. Web.

Choosing the best healthcare provider for your family

You deserve to work with a provider who offers you respectful, thoughtful, and relevant care — a provider who really listens to you, who is honest with you and explains things plainly, and who welcomes all of your questions. Personalized care is important too. This means a provider understands your unique needs and wishes, hears your concerns, helps you understand what’s happening with your health and all your care options, and empowers you to feel in control of your body and your care.

The culture that we come from defines so many aspects of our lives, so it can also be meaningful to work with a provider within your own cultural community who really recognizes where you’re coming from. In practice, this might mean working with a care provider who understands your religion, or grew up in your community, or who shares your background. For example, Black midwifery groups and other such community health groups exist to provide just this sort of care. Care that’s personalized in this way — where you feel like your provider really gets you, understands where you’re coming from, and allows you to feel truly comfortable — can be incredibly meaningful.

Choosing the best healthcare provider for your situation matters

Working with care providers who really understand you, and who help you feel understood, is invaluable. It can lead to better outcomes, help you feel more satisfied with your care, and empower you to feel agency over your body and your care. And you deserve that.

Read more

• How to advocate for yourself as a patient to get the care you deserve
• Why bringing a support person with you to appointments can help you advocate for the best healthcare

When choosing a healthcare provider, make sure they’re responsible and actually care about your health

At a bare minimum, you deserve to work with a healthcare provider who truly cares and takes responsibility for your health. What this looks like in practice is that the provider listens to your wishes, concerns, and preferences for care. It also means that they explain things plainly and honestly, and welcome your questions. They should encourage you to feel in control of your body and your care.

Do you feel comfortable around them?

Beyond this, ideally you can also work with a healthcare provider who makes you feel comfortable. When you’re being cared for by a provider who you’re not that comfortable with, it can present a number of challenges that can stand in the way of you getting quality care. This sort of discomfort can make it feel hard to communicate with your provider honestly or really feel heard. Some folks do find that thanking their provider for hearing their concerns can be a good place to start in expressing their wants and needs, so this can be a simple, meaningful tool to feel a bit more comfortable.

Don’t be afraid to seek personalized care

But to find someone who you’re really comfortable with, you may want to seek out even more personalized care and work with a provider who can offer you culturally relevant care.  This might mean that you prefer a provider who is from your community, shares your beliefs, or identifies the same way as you. Care that’s personalized in this way — where you feel like your provider really gets you, understands where you’re coming from, and who you feel truly comfortable being yourself with — can be incredibly meaningful. For example, if you’re Black, you may want to work with a Black care provider, if that’s possible. Black midwifery groups, Black doula groups, and other such organizations or community health groups exist to provide just this sort of care.

Keeping some of these things in mind can ensure that you find a healthcare provider who feels like a true partner in your care.

Read more

• Find a healthcare provider that really gets you
• How to advocate for yourself as a patient to get the care you deserve

Wondering about your period as a trans, genderqueer, or non-binary person?

For some, it’s no big deal, but for other people, like those who are trans, genderqueer, or non-binary, getting and managing a period can be particularly stressful. Buying or using products marketed to only women, using or carrying menstrual products in public bathrooms, or experiencing body changes can heighten the stress of feeling like your body doesn’t match your gender — something called gender dysphoria.

If you experience this stress when you get your period, there may be a few things that can help:

• Use menstrual products that make you feel most comfortable. Everyone is different, but for you this might mean products that:
  • Don’t need to be inserted: pads or absorbent underwear.
  • Aren’t felt or seen once in place: a menstrual cup or tampon.
  • Don’t need to be changed frequently: a menstrual cup or absorbent underwear.
  • Are quiet and won’t draw attention in a bathroom: fabric pads or absorbent underwear.
• Use menstrual products that are gender neutral or that aren’t marketed as being especially feminine, like boyshort or boxer brief style absorbent underwear.
• Have menstrual products shipped to your home rather than buying them in a store.
• Manage cramps with heat therapy (a heating pad or hot water bottle) or over-the-counter medication (checking in with your healthcare provider about what’s best for you).
• Wear clothes that make you feel comfortable and confident to help offset symptoms like bloating or a swollen chest.

How hormone therapy or hormonal birth control could affect your period

It’s also worth noting that taking hormones can affect your period in some notable ways:

Testosterone: If you take testosterone or go through hormone replacement therapy, your period can get lighter and shorter over time or come unexpectedly before stopping. Testosterone injections (versus testosterone cream) can make this happen more quickly. After a period stops, occasional spotting or cramping might be normal. This is reversible, so a period can come back if you stop taking hormones.

Hormonal birth control: For people who use certain kinds of hormonal birth control, a period might become lighter or stop completely.

Puberty blocking hormones: Puberty blocking hormones will prevent the gendered changes that come along with puberty, including body changes like growing breasts and getting a period.

It’s also worth noting that if you haven’t had surgery to remove your reproductive organs, getting pregnant is still possible — even if your period is becoming more irregular. Ovulation will likely be blocked if you’re taking testosterone, but it is possible for individuals taking testosterone to get pregnant. So if you’re sexually active with someone who has sperm and you don’t want to get pregnant, be sure to take precautions and use birth control.

Find a healthcare provider who understands you

If you have questions about how to best manage your period or are experiencing gender dysphoria or distress surrounding your period, you should speak with your healthcare provider. Everyone deserves to see healthcare professionals who listen to their needs and can provide them with thoughtful care. If you’re currently looking for a provider who is better attuned to your unique needs and knowledgable about trans, genderqueer, and non-binary concerns, you might find the searchable provider databases from the World Professional Association for Transgender Health or the Gay and Lesbian Medical Association to be meaningful resources.