Birth control: Methods, types, and other information https://www.oviahealth.com/blog/fertility-cycle-tracker/birth-control/ Digital health personalized for every family journey Mon, 10 Nov 2025 18:53:48 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.8.3 The birth control patch: Everything you need to know https://www.oviahealth.com/guide/247989/the-birth-control-patch-everything-you-need-to-know/ Mon, 19 Jul 2021 14:16:23 +0000 https://www.oviahealth.com/?post_type=article&p=247989 First introduced in 2002, the birth control patch is a small, thin patch that sticks to the skin on your arm, butt, back, or belly. It’s a safe and effective contraceptive that contains the hormones progestin and estrogen. 

How the patch works

Because the body absorbs progestin and estrogen from the patch, it works similarly to the combination birth control pill. These hormones prevent fertilization by thickening cervical mucus. They also suppress ovulation and thin the uterine lining — preventing implantation. 

The birth control patch does not impact your ability to become pregnant in the future.

How often you need to do something

You’ll need to change your patch once a week on the same day for three weeks for it to remain effective. Pull your old patch off and change to your new patch. You’ll wear the patch for three weeks, then take a week off where you’ll have your period. You can swim, bathe, shower, and exercise with the patch on. It’s important not to remove it during the week you’re wearing it.

Benefits and drawbacks

Before starting on the patch, learn about the pluses and minuses to see if it’s right for you. 

Pros

  • Easy and effective form of birth control 
  • Doesn’t interfere with sex and doesn’t require partner participation
  • Doesn’t require you to take a pill at the same time every day
  • Only need to replace it once a week
  • Can be removed at any time if you decide you want to get pregnant 
  • Can help regulate your menstrual cycle

Cons

  • Doesn’t protect against STIs 
  • Requires you to change your patch on the same day every week
  • Can cause more estrogen-related side effects than the combination birth control pill such as blood clots, stroke, heart attack, liver cancer, liver disease, and high blood pressure
  • Minor side effects can include skin irritation, breast tenderness, menstrual pain, nausea, headaches, weight gain, mood swings, fatigue, and acne, although these often resolve after a few months
  • It may not be as effective for people with a BMI over 30

Effectiveness

The birth control patch is 99% effective at preventing pregnancy when used properly. If you start on the patch within five days of your period start date, you’re protected against pregnancy right away. If you start the patch at another time in your cycle, use backup birth control like a condom for the first seven days.

Where and how to get it 

Your health care provider or a family planning clinic will need to prescribe the patch. Your provider should review a full health history to ensure it’s safe for you. You may need a follow-up appointment once you’ve been on the patch for a couple of months. 

Average cost

The average cost of the birth control patch is between $60 and $90 a month. Most insurance plans and government health programs cover the costs, including medical visits. 

Who’s eligible

Most healthy premenopausal women are eligible for the patch, although it isn’t recommended for those with a BMI of 30 or more. Medical conditions such as a history of blood clots, cancer, stroke, migraines, unexplained vaginal bleeding, or diabetes may also prevent you from using the patch. Review your health history, current medications, and allergies when talking with your provider.

Reviewed by the Ovia Health Clinical Team

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]]> Birth control ring: Everything you need to know https://www.oviahealth.com/guide/247984/birth-control-ring-everything-you-need-to-know/ Mon, 19 Jul 2021 14:15:11 +0000 https://www.oviahealth.com/?post_type=article&p=247984 The birth control ring is a flexible, plastic ring that’s placed in your vagina to prevent pregnancy. Birth control rings are also known as vaginal rings and have been a safe contraceptive since 2001. 

How the ring works

The ring releases the hormones progestin and estrogen — the same hormones found in the combination birth control pill. Together, these hormones suppress ovulation, prevent sperm from reaching the egg, and thin the uterine lining. 

The birth control ring does not impact your ability to become pregnant in the future.

How often you need to do something if you’re using the NuvaRing

There are two types of rings — one that is disposed of after 3-4 weeks and one that can be used for a year. 

The NuvaRing is taken out every month. Use of the NuvaRing depends on if you want to get your period or skip it. If you want to get your period, take it out after 3-4 weeks for a week. After a week, replace it with a new ring. If you want to skip your period, you can replace your NuvaRing with a new one on the same day after 3-5 weeks. 

How often you need to do something if you’re using the ANNOVERA ring 

If you’re using the ANNOVERA ring, you put it in for 21 days, remove it for 7 days (this is your period), store it safely, and then put it back in for 21 days. The ANNOVERA ring lasts for 13 cycles.

When you remove it, you’ll need to clean it and store it in the case it comes with.  

Benefits and drawbacks

Considering the ring for birth control? Here’s what to know. 

Pros

  • Easy, safe, and convenient
  • Doesn’t interrupt sexual activity and doesn’t require partner participation (it can be removed for sex, but only for 3 hours)
  • Doesn’t require taking a pill everyday
  • Only need to remove and replace approximately once a month
  • Can get pregnant as early as one to two weeks after removing the ring
  • Can ease menstrual cramps and acne

Cons

  • Doesn’t protect against STIs
  • Side effects can include irregular periods, nausea, headaches, breast tenderness, mood changes, and weight gain
  • May be at higher risk for blood clots, strokes, heart attacks, and toxic shock syndrome
  • Requires a replacement device every year
  • Some wearers experience vaginal irritation and infection

Effectiveness

When used correctly, the ring is 99% effective at preventing pregnancy. What lowers effectiveness? Not putting your ring in on time or taking it out too early can lower pregnancy prevention, along with certain medications and health conditions.

If you insert the ring within the first five days of your period, you’ll be protected right away. Otherwise, you’ll need backup birth control for the first seven days after you put the ring in. 

Where and how to get it 

Get a prescription from a healthcare provider or family planning clinic for the birth control ring. You may need to go in for a follow-up appointment after the first few months of use. 

Average cost

The average cost for the birth control ring is $40 to $200 per month, though you may be able to get it for less at a family planning clinic. Many insurance carriers and government health plans also cover the costs, including medical exams.

Who’s eligible

Most healthy women can use the vaginal ring, although there are some exceptions. If you have a history of certain cancers, blood clots, heart attacks, migraines, stroke, hepatitis, or high blood pressure, the ring might not be a fit for you. If you smoke and use the ring, it may increase your risk of blood clots. For those who have a hard time remembering to take a pill every day, the ring can be a convenient, effective choice. 

Reviewed by the Ovia Health Clinical Team

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]]> Extended cycle birth control pill: Everything you need to know https://www.oviahealth.com/guide/247981/extended-cycle-birth-control-pill-everything-you-need-to-know/ Mon, 19 Jul 2021 14:13:20 +0000 https://www.oviahealth.com/?post_type=article&p=247981 The extended cycle pill, also known as a continuous-cycle pill, is a birth control pill with both progestin and estrogen. It safely and effectively prevents pregnancy and also extends your cycle, so you only have a period once every three or four months. Instead of taking placebo pills, like with a regular birth control pill, you continue taking the hormone pills so your cycle extends. 

If you take the extended cycle pill, add it to your Ovia profile so you never miss a day!

How the extended cycle pill works

The hormones progestin and estrogen help thin the uterus lining, thicken cervical mucus, and suppress ovulation. A thin uterus lining makes it difficult for a fertilized egg to implant, and thick cervical mucus prevents the sperm from reaching the egg. There are a few types of extended cycle pills, such as 91-day packs, 365-day packs, and mini continuous-cycle pills. 

The extended cycle birth control pill does not impact your ability to become pregnant in the future.

How often you need to do something

You need to take a pill at the same time everyday in order for it to remain effective at preventing pregnancy. Depending on the type of extended cycle pill, you may or may not have placebo pills in your pack. 

Benefits and drawbacks

Is an extended cycle pill right for you? Here are the main pluses and minuses.

Pros

  • Limits the number of periods you have each year to three or four
  • Doesn’t interfere with sexual activity
  • Could reduce menstrual pain and bleeding
  • Environmentally-friendly as you won’t need as many pads and tampons (less waste)
  • You can become pregnant as soon as you stop taking the pill
  • Doesn’t require partner involvement

Cons

  • Likely to have more spotting than a 28-day pill, though this usually eases after the first few months
  • Possible side effects such as breast tenderness, headaches, nausea, bloating, high blood pressure, and blood clots
  • Possible heavier periods although this is rare
  • Doesn’t protect against STIs 

Effectiveness

Extended cycle pills are 99% effective in preventing pregnancy when taken properly at the same time every day. If you miss a pill, follow the instructions given by your pill’s manufacturer. You may need to use a backup birth control option for a couple of days, such as a condom.

Where and how to get it 

You need a prescription from your healthcare provider. Continuous-cycle pills can be bought at a pharmacy or from an online birth control service.  

Average cost

The cost of extended cycle pills can be anywhere from $0 to $50 per month, but is often covered by health insurance plans and government health care.

Who’s eligible

Most healthy premenopausal women can take the extended cycle pill. But be sure to check with your practitioner and discuss your health history. The extended cycle pill may not be best for those with a history of certain types of cancer, blood clots, liver disease, are in the first month of breastfeeding, have high blood pressure, heart disease, or uncontrolled hypertension. If you experience migraines with an aura or are a smoker over 35 years old the combination pill may not be a good option for you. You should also discuss allergies to medications along with any meds you’re taking to avoid complications.  

Want to learn about other types of birth control? Check out these posts.

Reviewed by the Ovia Health Clinical Team

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]]> Combo birth control pill: Everything you need to know https://www.oviahealth.com/guide/247977/combo-birth-control-pill-everything-you-need-to-know/ Mon, 19 Jul 2021 14:11:34 +0000 https://www.oviahealth.com/?post_type=article&p=247977 Combination birth control pills contain two hormones: progestin and estrogen. They help prevent pregnancy and can also make your period more regular and/or decrease menstrual bleeding. Birth control pills were created in the 1950s but became common use in the 1960s. 

If you take the combopill, add it to your Ovia profile so you never miss a day!

How the combo pill works

Combination birth control pills suppress your ovaries from releasing eggs, thicken your cervical mucus so sperm can’t get through, and thin your uterine lining to prevent implantation. There are several types of combo pills out there, including monophasic, multiphasic, and extended cycle. Each one differs in its amount of hormones. None of these options impact your ability to become pregnant in the future.

How often you need to do something

You’ll need to take your combination pill at the same time every day to prevent pregnancy. Combination pill packs include placebo pills that serve as reminder pills so you keep up your routine.

Benefits and drawbacks

While the combination pill is one of the most widely used forms of birth control, know the pluses and minuses to ensure it’s right for you. 

Pros

  • Decreased bleeding 
  • More regular periods
  • Easily reversed if you decide to get pregnant
  • Doesn’t interfere with sexual activity and doesn’t require partner participation
  • Better control of monthly cycle
  • Can reduce PMS symptoms
  • Possible improvements in menstrual cramps and acne
  • Decreased risk of ovarian cancer, ectopic pregnancy, and ovarian cysts 
  • Can be used as emergency contraception if you cannot access Plan B 

Cons

  • May have bleeding or spotting
  • Doesn’t protect you from STIs
  • Slightly higher risk of hormonal side effects than the minipill
  • Potential side effects include headaches, high blood pressure, breast tenderness, mood swings, and nausea, but usually these resolve within the first few months 
  • Increased risk of blood clots, breast cancer, and heart attacks

Effectiveness

The combination pill is over 99% effective in preventing pregnancy when used properly. You can start the pill at any time but if you start within five days of your period, you’ll be protected right away. Otherwise, use backup protection like condoms for the first seven days. 

Where and how to get it 

You’ll need a prescription from a health care provider or family planning clinic. You can then get pills at your pharmacy or order them online. 

Average cost

Birth control pills cost between $0 and $50 per month depending on the type of pill. In most cases, your health insurance or government health plan will cover some or all the costs, including the medical visits.

Who’s eligible

Most healthy premenopausal women are eligible for the combination pill. There are some exceptions though, such as those who are breastfeeding, those who have a history of deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, certain types of cancer, diabetes-related complications, liver disease,  unexplained uterine bleeding, or uncontrolled hypertension. If you experience migraines with an aura or are a smoker over 35 years old the combination pill may not be a good option for you. Review your complete health history with your provider, including allergies and medications, to ensure it’s a safe choice. 

Want to learn about other types of birth control? Check out these posts.

Reviewed by the Ovia Health Clinical Team

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]]> The minipill: Everything you need to know https://www.oviahealth.com/guide/247974/the-minipill-everything-you-need-to-know/ Mon, 19 Jul 2021 14:09:50 +0000 https://www.oviahealth.com/?post_type=article&p=247974 First introduced in 1968, the minipill is oral birth control that contains the hormone progestin in a lower dose than a combination (progestin and estrogen) birth control pill. The minipill doesn’t contain estrogen and can have fewer hormonal side effects. 

If you take the minipill, add it to your Ovia profile so you never miss a day!

How the minipill works

The progestin in the minipill thickens your cervical mucus — creating a barrier for the sperm to reach the egg. It also thins the lining of the uterus preventing implantation and suppressing ovulation. The minipill does not impact your ability to become pregnant in the future.

How often you need to do something

The most commonly prescribed minipill comes in packs of 28 pills with no placebo pills. You take it at the same time every day (within the same three hour window) to ensure you have the right amount of hormones to prevent pregnancy. 

There is a new minipill called Slynd that does not require such a strict dosing time period. You can take Slynd with a little more variability time-wise (though it is best to take it around the same time daily). Slynd also has 4 placebo pills per cycle, which can help decrease the spotting and irregular bleeding some people experience on the minipill. 

Benefits and drawbacks

Here’s what to know about the pluses and minuses of the minipill. 

Pros

  • Doesn’t interfere with intimacy and requires no partner involvement
  • Menstrual bleeding may stop or be reduced
  • Able to stop at any time if you want to become pregnant (easily reversible)
  • Fewer hormonal side effects
  • Does not contain estrogen and can be used safely by those who cannot use estrogen-containing birth control methods
  • Safe for most people while breastfeeding because it’s unlikely to decrease supply

Cons

  • Requires strict regimen for effectiveness (excluding Slynd)
  • Slightly less effective than combination pills, implants, IUDs, and shots at preventing pregnancy
  • Slightly higher chance of an ectopic pregnancy if you become pregnant 
  • Not able to take for the first three to six weeks after birth if breastfeeding
  • Possible side effects include acne, breast tenderness, irregular periods, spotting mid cycle, decreased sex drive, depression, headaches, ovarian cysts, and nausea, though usually these go away within a few months
  • Doesn’t protect you from STIs

Effectiveness

Minipills are approximately 97% effective if you take them at the same time every day without missing any pills. You can be protected from pregnancy if you start the pill within five days of your period start date. Otherwise, use a condom during the first week of starting your minipill. The minipill failure rate is slightly higher than other birth control methods, but tends to have fewer hormonal side effects.

Where and how to get it 

You can get a prescription for the minipill from a healthcare provider or family planning clinic. You can order the minipill through a pharmacy or online service.

Average cost

The cost for the minipill ranges from $0 to $50 per month but is usually covered by health insurance and government health plans. You may also need to pay for the visit with your provider.

Who’s eligible

Most healthy premenopausal women can take the minipill, but be sure you talk with your doctor about your full health history. The minipill may not be best for breastfeeding moms, those with certain types of cancer, history of blood clots, or those who have high blood pressure. Certain medications, like those for tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS, may cause complications with the minipill. 

Want to learn about other types of birth control? Check out these posts.

Reviewed by the Ovia Clinical Team

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]]> The birth control shot: Everything you need to know https://www.oviahealth.com/guide/247970/the-birth-control-shot-everything-you-need-to-know/ Mon, 19 Jul 2021 14:07:54 +0000 https://www.oviahealth.com/?post_type=article&p=247970 The Depo-Provera birth control shot is a hormone injection with progestin that helps prevent pregnancy. Since 1992, it’s been a convenient form of birth control that doesn’t require taking a pill every day.

How the shot works

Like the mini-pill but longer-lasting, the shot contains progestin. This hormone thickens cervical mucus making it harder for the sperm to enter the uterus. It also suppresses ovulation (egg release) and thins the uterine lining (making it harder for a fertilized egg to implant). The Depo shot does not impact your ability to become pregnant in the future.

How often you need to do something

You’ll need to get the shot once every three months to maintain effectiveness for preventing pregnancy. 

Benefits and drawbacks

The shot might be the right birth control option for you. Here are all the points to consider. 

Pros

  • Only need to take it once every three months
  • Slightly more effective at preventing pregnancy than the pill (when used regularly)
  • Protects you from pregnancy immediately or within one week depending on when you get your first shot
  • Half of people on the shot don’t get their periods anymore (which is perfectly safe)
  • Doesn’t interfere with sex
  • Doesn’t require partner participation

Cons

  • After your last shot, it may take up to a year to become pregnant (may not be a fit for those looking for a temporary or short-term contraceptive) 
  • Possible side effects include irregular periods, weight gain, breast tenderness, headaches, depression, change in sex drive, nausea, and mood changes; many report that these side effects decrease 2-3 months into treatment.
  • Usually needs to be administered by a health care provider, although sometimes you can do the injections at home
  • More likely to cause weight gain than birth control pills and IUDs
  • Possible bone density loss 
  • Doesn’t protect against STIs 

Effectiveness

The shot is 99% effective in preventing pregnancy if you get it once every three months (every 12 weeks). Chances of pregnancy increase if you delay your shot. You can start the shot anytime. You’ll be protected from pregnancy after one week, or right away if you get your shot within the first seven days of your period starting. If you are late getting your next dose, you should let your provider know. They can advise you about whether or not you can take a dose of emergency contraception (plan B) or if you need to wait and take a pregnancy test before getting your next dose.

Where and how to get it 

You need a prescription for the shot. It’s usually given by a health care provider or family planning clinic, although sometimes you can get a home supply to do injections yourself. 

Average cost

A single injection that lasts for three months costs between $0 and $150 including the medical exam, but many health insurance plans and government health plans cover the expense.

Who’s eligible

Most healthy premenopausal women are candidates for the shot, and it’s a great fit for those who have a tough time taking a pill at the same time every day. Talk with your healthcare provider to see if the shot will work for you. You may not be eligible if you’ve had blood clots, heart problems, certain types of cancers, bone fragility, liver disease, unexplained vaginal bleeding, or other health conditions.

Want to learn about other types of birth control? Check out these posts.

Reviewed by the Clinical Health Team

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]]> The birth control implant: Everything you need to know https://www.oviahealth.com/guide/247967/the-birth-control-implant-everything-you-need-to-know/ Mon, 19 Jul 2021 14:05:26 +0000 https://www.oviahealth.com/?post_type=article&p=247967 Since 1998, implants have been a safe and effective form of birth control that requires little to no maintenance. The implant is a thin rod that’s inserted into your arm and lasts for several years.

How the implant works

The implant releases the hormone progestin on a consistent basis. Progestin helps to thicken your cervical mucus to prevent sperm from reaching the egg. Progestin also thins your uterine lining and suppresses ovulation. The implant does not impact your ability to become pregnant in the future.

How often you need to do something

Once your implant is inserted under the skin in your arm, it lasts up to five years, making it an easy long-term birth control option. Insertion takes only a few minutes and a local anesthetic is used so while you may feel pressure in that area during insertion, you shouldn’t feel pain. The implant can be removed by your provider at any time. 

Benefits and drawbacks

The implant is a great choice for those who may have a hard time taking a pill at the same time every day. Learn all about the pluses and minuses to determine if an implant is the right fit for you. 

Pros

  • Easy to use effectively since there isn’t a daily pill to take
  • No need to worry about birth control for five years
  • Can become pregnant as soon as the device is removed 
  • Great for those who can’t take birth control with estrogen
  • Doesn’t interrupt sex and doesn’t require partner participation
  • Slightly more effective at preventing pregnancy than the pill

Cons

  • Doesn’t protect against STIs 
  • Higher risk for ectopic pregnancy if you do get pregnant 
  • Higher upfront cost if uninsured (Most health plans are required to cover birth control without a copay)
  • Requires insertion and removal at doctor’s office every five years
  • Some possible side effects include increased risk for ovarian cysts, changes in menstruation and sex drive, headaches, abdominal or back pain, nausea, weight gain, and breast tenderness, many side effects go away within a few months
  • More likely to cause weight gain than birth control pills and IUDs
  • Implant may move around after insertion, this is very rare

Effectiveness

The implant is more than 99% effective in preventing pregnancy and can be implanted at any time of your cycle. If you get the implant within the first five days of starting your period, it will be effective immediately. Otherwise, use backup birth control, like a condom, for seven days after insertion. 

Where and how to get it 

Your implant will need to be prescribed and inserted by a health care provider. Contact your health center or family planning clinic for more information. 

Average cost

The cost of inserting the implant, including medical visits, ranges from $0 to $1,400 but is usually covered by health insurance or a government health plan. After insertion, there’s no cost for the next few years until you need to replace your implant. Removal can cost up to $300 depending on your insurance.  

Who’s eligible

Like other forms of birth control, most healthy premenopausal women can get an implant. Talk with your healthcare provider, as the implant may not be a good fit for those with a history of blood clots, liver disease, certain types of cancer, and unexplained vaginal bleeding. Your health care provider should also ask about any allergies and current medications. 

Want to learn about other types of birth control? Check out these posts.

Reviewed by the Ovia Health Clinical Team

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]]> The IUD: Everything you need to know https://www.oviahealth.com/guide/247963/the-iud-everything-you-need-to-know/ Mon, 19 Jul 2021 14:02:59 +0000 https://www.oviahealth.com/?post_type=article&p=247963 Looking for birth control that doesn’t include taking a pill every day? An IUD (intrauterine device) might be the right fit for you. It’s a small device that’s placed in your uterus to prevent pregnancy. First created in 1909, IUDs are a safe and effective option approved by the FDA. 

If you have an IUD, add it to your Ovia profile so you never forget your insertion date!

How an IUD works

IUDs are either hormonal or copper. Both work to prevent sperm from getting to the egg and neither impacts your ability to become pregnant in the future. Let’s start with the hormonal option. 

Hormonal IUDs 

Hormonal IUDs are made of plastic and release the hormone progestin. The progestin thickens cervical mucus, making it harder for the sperm to reach the egg. Progestin also thins the uterine lining and stops ovulation while it’s in place. 

How often you need to do something with a hormonal IUD

It depends on the type of hormonal IUD. They can last up to three, five, or eight years, making them a great long-term birth control option. 

The copper IUD

The copper IUD is actually made of plastic with copper around the arms and stem. The brand approved in the U.S. is called Paragard. Copper in the Paragard IUD helps to prevent pregnancy by thinning the lining of the uterus, making it difficult for a fertilized egg to implant in the uterus. Also, sperm don’t move well around copper, so it makes it harder for them to reach an egg in the first place.  The copper IUD does not affect ovulation. 

How often do you need to do something with the Copper IUD?

The copper IUD can last up to 10 years. All IUDs can be removed at any time, though, if you decide you want to get pregnant. Be sure to track when you had your IUD inserted so you can replace it when the time comes. 

Benefits and drawbacks

Each type of birth control has its pluses, minuses, and potential side effects. Someone’s “pro” might be someone else’s “con”. It all depends on your specific situation. Copper IUDs are approved for use for people with a variety of health conditions who cannot use hormonal birth control, and they are 99% effective. 

Here’s the lowdown on IUDs:

Pros

  • Lasts anywhere from 3 to 10 years
  • Convenient with no hassle, maintenance, or partner participation
  • One-time cost
  • Safe for breastfeeding parents
  • Slightly more effective at preventing pregnancy than the pill, and fertility returns immediately
  • Doesn’t interrupt sex (the strings may need to shortened if they are felt during sex) 
  • Can be removed any time if you want to get pregnant
  • Hormonal IUDs can decrease menstrual pain, heavy periods, and risk of endometrial cancer
  • Copper IUDs can be used by people with health conditions that cannot safely use hormones

Cons

  • Higher risk of ectopic pregnancy if you become pregnant (though the risk is still very low)
  • Can cause spotting in first few months
  • Hormonal IUD can make your periods irregular and copper IUD may increase cramping and make periods heavier
  • Possible side effects include breast tenderness, headaches, acne, and mood changes
  • Doesn’t protect you against STIs 
  • Insertion and removal require an office visit and procedure
  • Small risk of infection, mostly during insertion
  • Can cause ovarian cysts which are usually benign and go away within a few months
  • In rare cases, the device can damage your uterine wall 

Effectiveness

IUDs have almost immediate effectiveness within seven days from insertion (based on when in your cycle you get your IUD). They are over 99% effective in preventing pregnancy — partly because you won’t need to form any consistent habits (such as remembering to take a pill). The copper IUD (Paragard) can even prevent pregnancy after unprotected sex if it is inserted within five days of intercourse. 

Where and how to get it 

You can get an IUD inserted by a nurse practitioner, doctor, or midwife. Contact your health center, gynecologist, or family planning clinic to set up an appointment.

For far too long, those who wanted an IUD often had to have one inserted without any pain control. Although for some folks, this was only slightly uncomfortable, many people said that the pain from insertion was severe. New guidance in 2025 encourages all providers to offer a range of pain medication and numbing options. Pain should not be a barrier to having an IUD.

Average cost

IUDs cost between $0 and $1,400 for insertion but these expenses are usually covered by health insurance and government health plans. The total cost depends on the type of IUD and the number of medical exams and follow-up appointments. With an IUD, the cost is upfront and you won’t have to pay anything else for another three to 10 years.

Who’s eligible

IUDs are a great choice for most healthy women, but aren’t appropriate for everyone. If you’ve had certain types of cancer, pelvic infections, liver disease, or unexplained vaginal bleeding, you may not be a candidate for an IUD. Your practitioner should also ask about any allergies and review the medications you’re taking. If you’re allergic to copper, you should only consider hormonal IUDs. 

Want to learn about other types of birth control? Check out these posts.

Reviewed by the Ovia Health Clinical Team

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]]> The complete glossary on sexually transmitted infections https://www.oviahealth.com/guide/112859/the-complete-sti-glossary/ Fri, 23 Apr 2021 08:54:02 +0000 https://wp.oviahealth.com/guide/112859/the-complete-sti-glossary/ by Gabrielle Kassel, Contributing writer

Ever wondered, “What’s the difference between an STI and STD”, “Is HIV the same as AIDS” or “What’s a finger condom”? Rather than taking the query to your search bar, keep reading.

What you should know about sexually transmitted infections (STIs)

Below, you’ll find definitions of all the terms in the sexually transmitted infection lexicon you could possibly need to know, broken down by categories.

First, what’s the difference between an STI and STD

STD: STD stands for sexually transmitted disease. Disease implies symptoms. So, sexually transmitted infections are only diseases when there are symptoms (for example: bumps, itching, or discharge) present.

STI: The now-preferred term in the sexual health space, STI stands for sexually transmitted infection. The switch from disease to infection took place to reduce stigma around these infections and to acknowledge the fact that the majority of these infections are asymptomatic.

All STIs are either curable or treatable

Curable: A curable STI is an STI that can be cleared up completely with the proper medication. Curable STIs include: gonorrhea, pubic lice, chlamydia, syphilis, and trichomoniasis.

Not only can curable STIs be cured, but they should be — leaving an STI untreated puts you at risk for things like pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, and even death in the case of syphilis. That’s why it’s so important to get tested after every new sexual partner. And, if positive to talk to your provider and come up with a cure plan.

Treated: STIs that cannot be cured can be treated. Meaning, the symptoms associated with that STI can be managed with the help of lifestyle changes, and/or medication. Treatable STIs include: HIV, HSV, and HPV.

An example of treating — but not curing — an STI, might include taking valacyclovir or acyclovir, an oral antiviral medication that can either be taken daily (suppressive therapy) or at the first sign of outbreak (intermittent therapy). What makes most sense for you will depend on factors like cost and frequency of outbreaks. Because research has suggested a link between the number of outbreaks in HSV-positive people and stress, managing stress levels is another example.

Types of sexually transmitted infections, explained

AIDS: Also known as HIV Stage 3, AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) develops when the HIV virus severely damages a person’s immune system.

In the U.S., most people who are HIV-positive never develop AIDS because they’re on medications that prevent the infection from progressing to AIDS. Due to lack of access, globally AIDS is much more common, but numbers are dropping.

Chlamydia: Caused by a bacteria, chlamydia is a curable STI that infects 4 million Americans each year, the majority of who are under 25 and women.

When symptoms appear, they usually include abnormal discharge, pain or frequent urination or bleeding after sex and/or between periods — but chlamydia is usually asymtomatic. The infections and accompanying symptoms can be cured up with proper antibiotics.

Crabs: Also known as pubic lice, crabs are itty-bitty parasites that feast on blood that are found on pubic hair (and other course body hair). Typically, crabs are transmitted during intimate contact between the pubes of a person with crabs and the pubes of someone else.

The most common symptoms of crabs is genital itching, but you may also be able to see the white-colored, micro-crabs crawling around between your legs. Crabs can be cured through special over-the-counter creams or shampoos. Important: Because crabs lay eggs (known as nits), after treatment then nits need to be removed with fingernails or comb.

Genital Warts: Genital warts are fleshy skin tags caused by a few strains of HPV (see “HPV” below). These contagious warts may be accompanied by itchiness, but can be treated with topical medication or by being removed by a healthcare provider.

Gonorrhea: Also caused by bacteria and also curable, gonorrhea is an infection responsible for half a million new STI cases in the United States each year.

Much like chlamydia, gonorrhea is hard to recognize due to its often asymptomatic nature. But, when symptoms do pop up they usually include: genital itching, bleeding, abdominal pain, abnormal genital discharge, and soreness and sore throat. To diagnose and get the medicine that will eliminate the infection from your body, go to your local walk-in clinic or healthcare provider.

HIV

Short for human immunodeficiency virus, HIV is a viral infection that attacks the body’s immune system making it hard for the body to fight any other infection, including common, everyday viruses. Wrongly known as a gay man’s virus, HIV is an STI that can affect all people.

Hepatitis A

A contagious viral liver infection caused by the Hepatitis A virus, Hepatitis A typically clears up on its own within a few months. Hepatitis A is not just sexually transmitted — it can also be transmitted through contaminated foods.

Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B is a contagious viral liver infection caused by the Hepatitis B virus that can be transmitted via exposure to the bodily fluids of an infection person. The difference between this form of Hepatitis, however, and the others is that Hepatitis B can be prevented with a vaccine.

Hepatitis C

Hepatitis C is a viral liver infection that can be spread through blood, breast milk, or pregnancy. Untreated, the infection can become life-threatening. But diagnosed and with proper treatment, the infection can be cured 90 percent of the time.

HPV

With more than 100 different strains, human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the world. Symptoms, long-term health risks, and treatment vary strain-by-strain.

HSV

Better-known by its full name, herpes, HSV is a lifelong viral infection caused by the herpes simplex virus that can be managed with proper care.

There are two distinct strains of the herpes infection: HSV-1 and HSV-2. Often, these are incorrectly re-named as “oral herpes” or “genital herpes” but both strains can affect areas like the vagina, anus, penis, or mouth.

Molloscum Contagiosum

Molloscum contagiosum is a viral infection spread through skin-to-skin contact, that causes benign bumps along infected areas. Sometimes the bumps will fade away on their own, other times they are removed through cryotherapy, laser therapy, or topical therapy with the help of  a healthcare professional.

Trichomoniasis

Often called “trich”, trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by a parasite that can be cured with a dose of antibiotics. Symptoms are trichomoniasis are rare — especially in people with penises. But when symptoms do appear, they often include discharge, genital itching, and pain while urinating.

Syphilis

Syphilis is a progressive bacterial infection spread through sexual contact. The symptoms of the infection vary based on how long it’s been in your system, and range from a skin sore to fatigue and fever to liver dysfunction. If caught early enough it can be cured with a single shot of penicillin, but left untreated for too long the infection can spread to the brain and other organs, becoming life threatening.

Barrier methods and birth control

Here’s some information on protection options people can apply to help stay safe during sex.

Barrier

Barrier is the general terms for a physical barrier that is designed to prevent direct skin-to-skin contact or fluid exchange during a sex act. Most common is the external condom. But there is also the internal condom, dental dam, glove, and finger condom.

Occasionally, certain birth control methods which do not prevent skin-to-skin contact or fluid exchange, but are highly effective at preventing a sperm from meeting an egg during vaginal intercourse — the sponge, cervical cap, diaphragm, and spermicide — are also qualified as a barrier.

Birth Control

Also known as contraception, birth control is designed to help prevent unwanted pregnancy. There’s a variety of different types of birth control options, which all function differently as well as feature  slightly different levels of effectiveness.

Condom

There are a few different types of condoms: finger condoms, internal condoms, and external condoms. But typically when people say “condom” they’re referring to the external variety. (See: “external condom” below).

Dental Dams

Dental dams are sheaths of latex designed to prevent direct contact between a mouth and an anus or vagina, and therefore reduce the risk of STI transmission.

External Condoms

External condoms are tight latex, polyurethane or polyisoprene tubes designed to go over a penis during vaginal, anal, or oral intercourse to protect against STI transmission and/or pregnancy. They are also often used on dildos and other pleasure products to increase ease during clean-up as well as to allow for sex-toy sharing between non-fluid-bonded partners.

Finger Cots

Sometimes called finger condoms, finger cots are micro-sized external condom designed to fit over a single digit. While most commonly worn by doctors sporting paper cuts, they can also be warn during vaginal or anal fingering to keep from or reduce the risk of STI transmission.

Fluid Bonded

Refers to sexual partners who have intentionally decided to forgo barriers and exchange bodily fluids during sex. Prior to becoming fluid-bonded, sexual partners typically discuss current STI status, potential risks, pregnancy prevention (if applicable), as well as relationship rules moving forward.

Internal Condoms

Formerly known as female condoms, internals condoms are soft, long tubes that are designed to line the vaginal or anal canal in order to prevent fluid exchange or skin-to-skin contact during vaginal or anal sex. Bonus: They are typically made out of nitrile as opposed to latex, making them a great alternative for those with latex allergies.

PEP

Post-exposure prophylaxis is a series of pills someone who was (or may have been!) exposed to HIV can begin taking up to 72 hours after exposure to prevent transmission of the virus.

PrEP

Pre-exposure prophylaxis, as the prefix suggests, is a daily oral medication that can be taken by an HIV-negative person at risk of coming into contact with the virus, in order to greatly reduce the risk of the virus being transmitted.

Reviewed by the Ovia Health Clinical Team

Sources

]]> Which birth control option is best for me? https://www.oviahealth.com/guide/111561/which-birth-control-option-is-right-for-you/ Tue, 30 Mar 2021 15:58:41 +0000 https://wp.oviahealth.com/guide/111561/which-birth-control-option-is-right-for-you/ Ovia Fertility helps you track your unique cycle and understand your body better. If you don’t have the Ovia Fertility and Cycle Tracker app, you can download it here. 

Choosing a birth control method is a very personal decision – what causes an issue for one person, might solve an issue one for another. There’s a lot to consider when selecting a method that might be best for you.

How to pick from multiple birth control options

First thing’s first, consider what’s important to you. Do you prefer an option that you don’t have to worry about most of the time? Are you looking for something hormonal to help you manage difficult periods, or do you have a health condition that prevents you from being able to use a hormonal option? Does having children in the future factor into your decision?

Here are some of the most popular birth control methods, and why you might find them to be a good fit, depending on your preferences.

Birth control implant

  • What it is: A small plastic rod inserted under the skin of the arm, the implant releases a hormone that prevents the ovaries from releasing eggs.  It can be inserted in a provider’s office or health clinic. The implant is more than 99% effective at preventing pregnancy.
  • Might be a good fit if you’re looking for: a long-acting reversible contraception (or LARC) that you don’t have to worry about regularly. The implant can last for about five years, is highly effective at preventing pregnancy, and doesn’t interrupt sex. You might also enjoy lighter or even non-existent periods (though this can come after spotting). LARCs can also be cost-effective over the long term.

Birth control pill

  • What it is: These use one or two hormones to regulate the menstrual cycle — there are many types of birth control pills with different hormone combinations and doses. The pill is about 91% effective at preventing pregnancy, but if it’s taken correctly, that number shoots up to 99%. So be sure to follow the package instructions closely.
  • Might be a good fit if you’re looking for: lighter and less painful periods, and if you want a method that doesn’t interrupt sex. You can also use the pill to skip your period.

Birth control patch

  • What it is: A small hormonal patch worn on the skin. The patch needs to be changed once a week and is about 91% effective at preventing pregnancy. Like the pill, if it’s used correctly according to package instructions, it is 99% effective.
  • Might be a good fit if you’re looking for: lighter and less painful periods and reduced acne. This method doesn’t interrupt sex and doesn’t need to be taken every day. You can also use the patch to skip your period.

Birth control ring

  • What it is: A small, flexible ring that releases hormones. The ring is inserted into the vagina once every 3-6 weeks. If you do this on schedule every time, the ring is 99% effective.
  • Might be a good fit if you’re looking for: lighter and less painful periods and reduced acne. This method doesn’t interrupt sex, doesn’t need to be taken every day, and can be inserted at home. You can also use the ring to skip your period.

Birth control shot

  • What it is: A hormonal shot given once every three months. It is most effective when follow-up shots are administered on time. It is about 94% effective at preventing pregnancy as many people don’t get their shots on schedule. If you do get your shots on schedule, it’s 99% effective. Shots can be done by a provider or at home.
  • Might be a good fit if you’re looking for: a LARC that you don’t have to worry about every day, that doesn’t interrupt sex, and that can lead to lighter or even non-existent periods (though this might come after spotting for about a year).

Condom

  • What it is: Male and female (or internal) condoms are both physical barrier methods of birth control that are placed on either the penis or inside the vagina. The male condom is 85% effective at preventing pregnancy and the female condom is 79% effective.
  • Might be a good fit if you’re looking for: a method with few side effects, that’s non-hormonal, affordable and available over the counter, and offers protection against sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Condoms are the only birth control method that helps protect against STIs, so they can be used on their own or alongside other birth control methods (though these two types of condoms shouldn’t be used together).

IUD

  • What it is: A small T-shaped device that’s inserted into the uterus. The copper version is hormone-free and the various types of plastic IUDs release a hormone. Both are more than 99% effective at preventing pregnancy.
  • Might be a good fit if you’re looking for: a LARC that you don’t have to worry about regularly — hormonal IUDs can last 3-5 years and the copper IUD can last 10 years. IUDs are highly effective at preventing pregnancy, and don’t interrupt sex. For some, the copper IUD is appealing as a non-hormonal method. For others, the hormonal IUD, allows for lighter or even non-existent periods (though this might come after spotting for several months). LARCs can also be cost-effective over the long term.

These are just some of the more effective forms of reversible birth control options. Other methods include physical methods (like the diaphragm, cervical cap, birth control sponge, and spermicide), behavioral methods (like breastfeeding as birth control, and cycle tracking or “the rhythm method”), and permanent methods (like sterilization and vasectomy).

With so many methods to choose from and so much to consider, it can be helpful to speak with a healthcare provider about your health history and your birth control preferences. They can help you learn more about all your birth control options, answer your questions, and recommend a method that should work for you.

And if you’re taking the pill or have an IUD, add it to your Ovia profile!

Reviewed by the Ovia Health Clinical Team

Read more

Sources

  • “Birth Control.” Planned Parenthood. Planned Parenthood. Retrieved March 31 2020. https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/birth-control.
  • “Birth control methods.” Office on Women’s Health.” U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, April 24 2017. Retrieved March 31 2020. https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/birth-control-methods.
  • “Choose the Right Birth Control.” MyHealthfinder. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, February 5 2020. Retrieved March 31 2020. https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/topics/everyday-healthy-living/sexual-health/choose-right-birth-control.
  • “What do I need to know about birth control?” Planned Parenthood. Planned Parenthood. Retrieved March 31 2020. https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/teens/preventing-pregnancy-stds/what-do-i-need-know-about-birth-control.
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